
In my book for my grandchildren on the Gospel ("Nearer to God: the Book of Mormon and the Good News of Christ–Scriptural studies on the experience of redemption"), in a chapter that addressed what I consider to be one of the most significant topics, I considered the matter of guilt:
“Guilt is both abstract and personal, or both fact and feeling, as suggested by this dictionary definition: 1) the fact of having committed a breach of conduct, esp. violating a law and involving a penalty, and 2) the feeling of culpability for offenses.” (pp. 143-144)
I described in some detail my understanding of the eternal sense of the first meaning and how the atonement of Christ addresses this problem. Now I have found some interesting notions regarding the second meaning, that of how personal guilt is experienced, in the writings of the Givens (“A God Who Weeps”).
In discussing the moral awareness that we have as adults, the authors assert that “we sense we are responsible for our own choices. And the reason we know we are is because we feel guilt when we do something wrong.”
In defining guilt, they differentiate between “legitimate” guilt and the “oppressive, destructive self-loathing or self hatred that masquerades as conscience: by guilt we mean the
inward call to be truer to our better selves. Legitimate guilt is to the spirit what the sharp protest of a twisted ankle is to the foot: its purpose is to hurt enough to stop you from crippling yourself further. Its function is to prevent more pain, not expand it. This kind of guilt comes from the light and beckons us to follow; its counterfeit takes us only deeper into the darkness of despair.” (pp. 48-49)
They explain that there are modern notions that explain away legitimate feelings of guilt “but no rationalization can allay the insistent knowledge that we all confess in moments of secret honesty: we do wrong because we make a decision to do so, and we feel guilty because we know we could have acted differently.“ (p. 49)
“Sin...is a condition we assume when we place ourselves in opposition to those moral laws that undergird the structure of reality. This condition is naturally one of alienation from God, from those we love, and from “the better angels” of our own nature. Sin is not an arbitrary category God imposes. And it is not synonymous with simple error or misjudgment. This is a truth, like others we are examining, that is best revealed in the searchlight of honest introspection. We know the difference between regret and remorse. We regret giving erroneous directions that get the stranger lost. We feel remorse for the slander deliberately spoken. We regret an action that leads to harm. We feel remorse for choosing that action to inflict harm. Legitimate guilt, the kind we cannot explain away or therapeutically resolve, involves more than bad judgment or human error. The degree of guilt we experience is proportional to the deliberateness with which we cause hurt.” (pp. 79-80)
A sinful action is “a gesture of permanent self-definition. What is always at stake in any decision we make is what that the choice turns us into. We may suffer the unfortunate consequences of other peoples’ choices. People may honor or abuse us, harm or nourish us. But for the most part, it is our own choices that shape our identity.” (p. 81)
Therefore, real guilt is a spiritual warning that we have made a choice, if left uncorrected, that will make us less than we could be and should be.